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Berel Dov Lerner on 12 January 2014

proper names

Hello Peter - I would just like to make a technical suggestion. When you introduce a new thinker (or geographical location)please try to mention their name frequently. I don't think I'm the only listener who finds it easier to remembers the flow of ideas described in the podcasts than the associated proper names.

In reply to by Berel Dov Lerner

Peter Adamson on 12 January 2014

Names

Hi there,

Actually I already try to do that, at least more than I would in normal writing - instead of saying "he" I try to use the name more. Of course for a lot of episodes the name of the philosopher is in the title anyway. But I'll make an effort to do it more in the episodes covering a range of figures. (I know that in the Islamic world things can be confusing, for instance with the Jewish thinkers we're covering at the moment it seems like they all have Moses, Solomon, or Ezra in their names!)

Thanks for the feedback,

Peter

Rafael Calsaverini on 9 January 2014

Music used so far on the podcast

Hi Peter,

first of all, thanks for sharing this knowledge with the community at large. It's amazing to have access to a specialist perspective over this matters outside of academia.

I'd like to ask you if you could share what is the music used as intro for the episodes on andalusian philosophy. (If you could tell also what are the other songs used in previous episodes it would be nice too).

Thanks a lot for all the effort you put on this project. I imagine it's not an easy task, but I bet there's a lot of people very thankful for it.

In reply to by Rafael Calsaverini

Peter Adamson on 12 January 2014

Music

For the current music look at the first comment I left on the first Andalusia episode, and likewise for the first "Formative Period" episode. The ancient music clips were from Stefan Hagel's ancient music website, that is him performing on reconstructions of ancient instruments!

Zach Raph on 8 January 2014

How did you get into History of Philosophy?

Dear Professor Adamson,
I am a second year undergrad student at Carleton College in Minnesota. I am fascinated by the questions, problems and topics of the history of philosophy, and I was curious how you personally became part of the field? Did you study a great deal of history throughout your undergrad years and grad years or was your focus primarily in philosophy? Did you spend a lot of time studying languages, you seem to be fluent to some degree in at least Arabic, Latin, Greek and possibly German? Any thoughts or experiences you want to share would be greatly appreciated.
-Zach

In reply to by Zach Raph

Peter Adamson on 9 January 2014

Getting into philosophy

Hi Zach,

Believe it or not I once came to give a paper at Carleton! A friend of mine was teaching there when I was a grad student so I made a visit. Nice school.

Anyway the short answer is that I went to Williams College whose philosophy dept. was pretty historically oriented, and got interested in medieval philosophy partially via interest in ancient, partially via interest in medieval literature (especially Dante, my first intellectual love). I already started on Latin when I was an undergraduate and picked up Greek and Arabic during my doctoral studies at Notre Dame. I can also read some other languages but I would claim to be fluent only in (American!) English and German.

I do have a general observation here for people wanting to get into the field which is that, if you want to work on history of philosophy (unless it is Locke and Hume, etc) you really need to master languages as early as possible. The younger you are the easier it is. In my field of ancient and Arabic philosophy it's always a challenge to find people who have a solid training in both the language and the philosophy side - pretty much everyone is stronger in one and trying to catch up on the other. I am unusual in the Arabic philosophy business in that I was trained as a philosopher and learned some Arabic along the way; most scholars in the field are Arabists who learned some philosophy along the way.

Enjoy the Minnesota winter! I hear it's cold there.

Peter

Mario Shammas on 8 January 2014

Skeptics on Mathematics

Dear Professor,

I love your podcast! A question though, do we have any sources which tell us what the skeptics thought of mathematics and the certainty it provides? After all wasn't that why the Pythagoreans and Plato loved geometry? And also, do we know what the stoics thought of mathematics (or were they always more concerned with what is material)?

Thank you!

In reply to by Mario Shammas

Peter Adamson on 8 January 2014

Skeptics and Stoics on mathematics

Hello there,

Yes, we have Sextus Empiricus' 'Against the Professors' which has sections on mathematical topics. That's volume 4 of the Loeb Greek-English edition of Sextus. I think that would be the main place to look for skeptical ideas about math. He criticizes the proofs of geometers for instance.

As for the Stoics, I don't think they talk a lot about this but they need to take a view on the metaphysical status of mathematical objects, like geometrical figures. Long and Sedley (p.264) point out that the Stoics don't really distinguish between pure and empirical science. They mention, I think rightly, that among the Stoics it was really only Posidonius who had any particular knowledge of mathematics.

Peter

Tim on 7 January 2014

A Few Questions

Dear Professor Adamson,

First, I'd like to say that I'm very glad to hear of your plans to cover Chinese and Indian philosophy, and I wish you good luck in your research thereof. Second, I would like to ask you some questions regarding both the podcast itself and some of the philosophies you have covered.

I noticed that you've spent considerably less time on each of the later philosophers than on Plato and Aristotle. Is this because you view their importance to the history of philosophy to be that much greater than the other philosophers you've covered, or is it simply that a strong base in Plato and Aristotle allows later philosophers to be covered much more quickly? Some combination? Something else?

I also have a question regarding philosophy in the Islamic world. Have any Islamic philosophers ever employed the concept of God being the source of morality to tackle the issue of the failure of human language to describe him? I feel that this would be a useful way to explain the descriptions of God found in the Koran. If God decided that it would be best to include these inherently inaccurate descriptions of himself in the text, then that would both explain and justify their use. This could possibly be for the reason of making Islam more appealing, to influence the behavior of its adherents, or for some reason inscrutable to us mere humans.

I apologize if these issues have already been covered in the podcast. I have been listening religiously for the past several weeks, so many of the ideas you have covered have become mixed around in my mind.

Sincerely,

Tim Noonan

In reply to by Tim

Peter Adamson on 8 January 2014

A few answers

Hi there,

The reason for the blanket coverage of Plato and Aristotle is pretty much what you say: a combination of very important and fundamental for everything that comes after (perhaps especially Aristotle). I guess I also was thinking in terms of building an audience back then, and assuming people would be interested in those two and get hooked, then sticking around for the likes of Plotinus and more minor figures. Maybe another reason is just autobiographical: I have taught both of them quite a lot in my day job! I doubt any thinker will get that many episodes in the future though someone like Aquinas or Kant might get up towards 10 including interviews (and already Plotinus had 5, Augustine 7).

Your point about Islam is interesting - so the idea is that God would reveal potentially misleading things about Himself (e.g. suggesting He has a body) to make sure people respond to the message? I think that is effectively what Farabi and especially Averroes think is going on in the Koran, and Maimonides as we'll see shortly has a similar approach to the Hebrew Bible.

Cheerio,

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Tim on 9 January 2014

A Few Sentences

Thank you for your reply,

I definitely look forward to Aquinas and Kant if they are important enough to warrant so many episodes. With regards to Islam, that is precisely what I am getting at, with the specific justification for God doing this being his status as the source for and creator of morality. I'm looking forward to Maimonides, as I'm now up to date with the podcast (it only took my whole winter break!)

Thanks again,

Tim

Nick Trakakis on 2 January 2014

History of philosophy without gaps?

Dear Peter,

I thoroughly enjoy your podcasts, but I have been meaning to alert you to a major gap in your history, at least as it appears up till now: Byzantine Philosophy. This is a period in philosophy that is often passed over in silence, but hopefully a project such as yours will rectify this lacuna.

Best wishes,
Nick Trakakis

In reply to by Nick Trakakis

Peter Adamson on 3 January 2014

Byzantine philosophy

Hi Nick,

Not to worry, that is very much on the agenda. Actually I explained in the first episode on Islamic philosophy (episode 120) that I need to cover medieval philosophy in the Islamic, Latin Christian and Greek Christian worlds which means dividing the narrative into three to cover the traditions in parallel. I'm doing them in that order so I will not get to Byzantine thought for a while; but I will give it at least 10 episodes or so, I think. In that episode I give some reasons for doing Byzantine last out of the three traditions, but really I could have done them in any order.

Thanks,

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Nick Trakakis on 3 January 2014

Byzantine Philosophy

Thank you Peter, that's wonderful.

In reply to by Nick Trakakis

Peter Adamson on 3 January 2014

Byzantine philosophy

Hi again,

I should have added: if you (or anyone else) has suggestions on what to cover, in terms of themes or figures, that would be helpful. It's not an area I know well though I do have a rough idea of what I need to discuss.

Thanks,

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Nick Trakakis on 6 January 2014

Byzantine Philosophy

A good place to start is the Byzantine Philosophy article in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, which covers the major figures in section 1.3.

Ken on 17 December 2013

I HAVE A COMPLAINT!!

I must happily complain, Professor Adamson, that you have caused me to want to know more, which has thrown my planned reading list for philosophy off.

I had decided that the only book on Islamic philosophy I would read would be the Decisive Treatise and the companion book you contributed to. Now I find I will have to track down, Ibn Arabi, Ibn Khaldun, and most expensively, Avicenna's The Metaphysics. I am thankful that you have introduced me from this often neglected part of Western philosophy, but now I will have to re-adjust my reading schedule and save money for those insanely expensive BYU translations.

In reply to by Ken

Peter Adamson on 17 December 2013

Apologies

I'm sorry that the podcast is turning out to be expensive. If it makes you feel any better I seriously doubt you will wind up spending as much on books covering Islamic philosophy as I have!

But seriously, I'm so glad that you are finding it worthwhile and especially that it is sending you back to the original texts - as I always say that is the ultimate success for the whole project. If you live in striking distance of a university library you could probably find some of these to take out and read for free, by the way.

Thanks for listening!

Peter

Paul on 7 December 2013

Full History of a Time

When I heard you mention that you were working with other history bloggers on a project I immediately hoped it involved a presentation/discussion type program where historians/experts of various disciplines would each present a cross-section look at a period of time followed by a discussion of how philosophy, science, religion, economics, politics, etc. of a certain period interacted to form the broad concept of history. Our students are so used to walking from a math class to a history class to science when in real life history is formed by the interaction of everything. Do you think this kind of radio or TV show or podcast would work? Even if you used a SKYPE audio conference to produce a demo it would be fun to see what resulted.

Anyway, perhaps you could interest your other history bloggers to try it out. Even if it never happens I would be interested in hearing how you feel philosopher of a given period affected the times in which they lived. Or do philosophers have to die and hope their words are preserved and read centuries in the future? Is there a current day philosopher influencing us and what our history will be.

Tom Roche on 3 December 2013

India/Islam/China

Toward your declared end of "ungapping" Chinese and Indian philosophy, I thought I'd propose one or two shows you could do

* without a lot of detail, sort of a "10000 meter view of history of philosophy"
* to sketch your intentions regarding these domains
* to illuminate one (or maybe two) historical question(s), ...

... Namely, what influences, if any, are exchanged between Islamic philosophy (on the one hand) and Chinese and Indian philosophy (on the other hands)? And if there's not much, why not? Why I ask:

I remembered your line about "my father was a man of Balkh" when listening to

http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio3/essay/essay_20131128-2300a.m…

which briefly discusses the Battle of Talas. Spatially, Talas is not all that far from Balkh (OK, it's ~1000 km, but we're talking *Central Asia*) and temporally the battle is not that far from Ibn Sīnā's birth (OK, over 2 centuries, but this is pre-modern time). Plus we know (unless I'm missing something) that

* the Silk Road was happening for millenia before, and at least a half millenium after, these events
* the spatiotemporal reach of Ibn Sīnā's writing was waaay greater than the distances above--like, to Renaissance Europe
* contemporary Chinese and Indian societies were also learned, philosophical, and technological
* Indian philosophy has a major influence on China (via Buddhism, via Central Asia), so obviously distance is not an insurmountable factor

Yet my impression is

* Islamic philosophy influences India only much later, via the Mughals
* Indian technology (notably, arithmetic) has some influence on the Muslim world, but not so much Indian philosophy
* Chinese technology (notably, paper) has a major influence on Islamic philosophy, but not so much Chinese philosophy
* Islamic philosophy has almost no effect on Chinese philosophy

Am I missing something? If not, why is there so much Islam/Europe philosophical exchange, but so little Islam/China and Islam/India philosophical exchange? Given there's so much happening in philosophically in Central Asia, and the Muslim philosophers are "known good" at absorbing useful work from pagans?

So that's kind of a big topic or two :-) but, like I said, think of this as something you could do an interview show or two on relatively soon, and use to as an intent marker (aka, teaser :-) until you're ready to, ummm, "do China and India."

In reply to by Tom Roche

Peter Adamson on 3 December 2013

Philosophy in Asia

That's an excellent question about Chinese and Indian philosophy and their interaction with Islamic philosophy. I know there is actually Sufism in China eventually, plus as you say there is Indian scientific influence on the Islamic world (astronomy and astrology as well as mathematics). I think it's worth noting that when al-Biruni, who is a contemporary of Avicenna, writes his "India" he is clearly thinking that India is a totally foreign culture to which he has gained unusual access. That suggests to me that there just wasn't enough cultural interchange in the decisive formative centuries of Islamic culture for Indian (or Chinese) thought to have extensive impact, even if there are references here and there. The obvious explanation would be language barriers: the Muslim conquests simply didn't get into India, and so Arabic was not spread there. However this is probably too simple and there is definitely some cultural interchange; check out for instance this project on Islam and Tibet that was done in London.

By the way I plan to devote an episode to Islamic philosophy in the Mughal period in any case.

As for the question of how to cover it I would be reluctant to do a minimal version, like you suggest - it would be a lot easier but almost counterproductive or dismissive (European philosophy gets hundreds of episodes, Indian gets 2). So to me that is a backup plan to be pursued only if doing it properly doesn't work out.

Kurt Wenner on 1 December 2013

Tagore Sadhana

I was reading through some of the comments and was amazed to hear that you had the eventual plan to cover Eastern thought. You are really ambitious! After I ran through your podcasts, I looked for new material on Plotinas and found a site called "The Ideal in the West". I prefer your presentation and appreciate the depth and richness of your scholarship, but the other site was interesting for its attempt to connect Platonic philosophy with a wider transcendentalist western tradition. This, (as well as the fact that I had some philisophical indigestion after listening to Saint Augustine's " "City of God"), made me homesick for Eastern philosophy.

I found that Peter Yearsley has recorded the whole of Tagore's "Sadhana" on Librivox, (Previously every chapter had its own reader, which was disappointing). I was wondering if you think there is any single work in all of the Western European philosophical tradition outside of the "Phaedro" that has the eloquence, depth and beauty of Tagore's "Sadhana"?

For your convenience I have uploaded a link to the files here:

https://www.hightail.com/download/OGhlRGwrK3hFc0o3czhUQw

The files are in the public domain and can be downloaded directly from Librivox as well, but this might be a bit faster. Just a last question- I would consider this a work of philosophy, it has only a few premises taken from the Bahagavad Gita and draws its conclusions in a reasoned manner, treating many of the ethical and perceptual issues discussed by ancient philosophers in a manner that is refined and logical. Would you agree with this?

Thanks for your efforts,

Kurt Wenner

In reply to by Kurt Wenner

Peter Adamson on 2 December 2013

Indian philosophy

I have to admit I don't know the Tagore text but in general there is no doubt that there are plenty of Indian texts that are "philosophical," on pretty much any definition of that term. So, with arguments, distinctions, technical terminology - all the hallmarks of philosophical literature, and on familiar topics like skepticism, atomism, monism etc etc. That's why I want to learn more about this tradition and give it the coverage it deserves, if I can.

Just one side comment: although I share your admiration for the Phaedo I was surprised to see you exalt it above all other philosophical texts in the European tradition like that - one doesn't even need to go outside the works of Plato's middle career to find a contender for an equally great, if not greater, work namely the Republic.

In reply to by Peter Adamson

kurt wenner on 2 December 2013

Tagore

Hi Peter,

Thanks for your response, but it only makes me more certain that you will love Tagore's "Sadhana". Plato's "Repubic" is a hugely problematic work for me. As a work of art I find it significantly inferior to many other dialogues. This is because the dialectic is preserved only as decoration, the listener is reduced to a "yes man". Certainly this shortens the process and allows Plato to expound a huge variety of ideas that would perhaps be painful to listen to in a true dialectic; but this is not my major complaint. Plato's criticism of the arts is what puzzles me most.

To me the greatest puzzle of antiquity is how little use the philosophers made of the arts. Plato uses the word "mimesis" to describe the works of Phidias. It would seem impossible that in such a "small town" as Athens there would be no discussion between philosphers and artists. Yet, the idealization of the human form and its use in architecture in ancient Greece exactly parallels the "ideal forms" of Plato's philosophy. Plato attributes these coincidences to "inspiration" and writes off any artistic claim to knowledge. I cannot accept this.

But Plato's real "faux pas" in "The Republic" was to banish the poets. This has to have raised the hair on the necks of two thousand years of intellectuals. Aside from the general creepiness of the concept, there is a huge significance which has not been explored to the best of my knowledge. Compare Tagore's use of the "Bhagavad Gita" in his discourse on beauty to Plato's description of Homer. Tagore has made good use of the Gita to create a crystal-clear analogy of divine love. Plato only sees horror in myth. To me, the remarkable legacy of Greek myth was orphaned by the fact that ancient philosophers were unable to utilize their rich cultural legacy and confused themselves with a literal interpretation of the material. Maybe they needed an antique version of Robert Graves or Joseph Campbell.

More seriously, I think that the disconnect between the arts and sciences has its seed right here. It gives Aristotle his foothold toward considering the particular as causal rather than the whole. The rest of western philosophy becomes a "commentary on Plato" in part because this disconnect is never again bridged.

I hope you take advantage of the download link- it is only good for a week or two. I love your podcasts, and would be thrilled to hear your response to Tagore. In any case it is ear-candy compared to the other texts you need to study to do your serious work.

Thanks,

Kurt Wenner

In reply to by kurt wenner

Peter Adamson on 3 December 2013

Plato on the poets

Thanks, I did download the file! I will take a look when I get a chance.

Re. Plato have you listened to episode 33 on Plato and myth? Because there I suggest that his dismissal of poetry etc is a lot more complicated than it seems. I tend to think that Plato was not so much arguing against the use of literature or the aesthetic in philosophy, but to the contrary setting himself up as a rival and critic of previous literary figures. In other words, he wanted to offer everything that is good about poetry but in a way that is informed by understanding, rather than by a faulty understanding of the world, of the gods, etc.

In reply to by Peter Adamson

kurt wenner on 3 December 2013

Tagore- Plato

I agree with you about Plato's intentions, but it seems to me that in contrast with Tagore he does not actually make much use of the Greek mythological heritage, only warns the audience about misusing it. Socrates seems as often to weave a new fable as quote the existing ones, perhaps that was one cause for his legal troubles- it does appear in the complaint.

Of course I love Plato, and the approach to philosophy is in tune with the Tagore work as well. What stands out is the difference in their relationship to their cultural history.

Enjoy the audio!

Kurt

In reply to by kurt wenner

Peter Adamson on 3 December 2013

Plato's use of the poets

Actually Plato is doing a lot more with the poets than you might think; a whole book was recently published on (often implicit) allusions to Hesiod in his dialogues. Remember that Homer and Hesiod for the Greeks were like the Bible in medieval Europe - it was nearly impossible to write without calling them to mind.

Still, I take the point that engaging positively with the literary past can be more attractive and I have read enough about Indian philosophy to know that this is a real feature of that tradition.

Thanks for the comments and the text!

Peter

Tom Roche on 29 November 2013

Islamic political philosophy

I was listening to Robert Gleave on Ali (as in, caliph 4)

http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio3/essay/essay_20131126-2300a.m…

thinking "dude *really* needed a copy of 'The Prince'!" Which made me wonder if anyone in the "early Islamic world" was doing that kind of practical/descriptive hands-on (pun intended :-) political philosophy before, say, ibn Khaldūn. As in, *not* "al-Fārābī on Religion and Politics," which, unless I'm misremembering, seemed about as useful as The Republic. Anybody doing (somewhat) less normative, (substantially) more positive work, like the earlier Chinese ("cast of thousands" including Confucius, Legalists, Mencius, Mozi, Daoists), Indians (e.g., Chanakya), or Greeks (e.g., Thucydides, Aristotle's lost constitutional survey)?

In reply to by Tom Roche

Peter Adamson on 29 November 2013

Mirrors for princes

I would say yes, but only sort of. The most relevant texts are works in the "mirrors for princes" tradition, already written in Persian, which not unlike Machiavelli give advice, some of which is quite practical, to rulers. There is a similar sub-genre on advice on being a courtier (boon companion, secretary, vizier etc). The reason I say "sort of" is that these texts are typically not quite considered part of the philosophical canon, because unlike Machiavelli they aren't thought to imply a more general attitude towards, say, political legitimacy or the place of moral concerns in political action. To be honest I couldn't say for sure how fair that rather dismissive attutude is, it's not something I've worked on a lot. Though this tradition does have an influence on the ethical works I discussed in episode 134.

Kurt Wenner on 29 November 2013

My Compliments!

Thank you very much for your podcast. I spend huge numbers of hours in my studio working on projects and your podcast has helped me get through at least one of them.

I would like to recommend your podcast on my Facebook page and later on my blog. I really look forward to what you will say about Renaissance neoplatonists and even Descartes, who I do not even like.

https://www.facebook.com/KurtWenner

kurtwenner.com

In reply to by Kurt Wenner

Peter Adamson on 29 November 2013

Descartes

Thanks very much! So now I have a new challenge, which is to make you like Descartes. Fortunately I have a while until I get to him so I can hone my skills in the meantime.

Dr. Dan Guerra on 25 November 2013

non sequitor

Landing on a free podcast that traces the western philosophical tradition as thoroughly as HOP is like happening upon a pristine glacial lake after a long hike in the Rockies. It is simply sublime.
But beyond its content and depth, Peter Adamson brings humor and warmth to each episode that goes beyond the standard textbook treatment of such wonderful philosophical works.
It is not the prerogative of a student to direct his professor in the lecture topics. Furthermore, if you don't like to learn about western philosophy then don't download the podcast. No matter what it is called, the important issue is whether you find value in the podcast.
Personally, I don't care to hear more about Eastern philosophy every time I learn about things, philosophical. I have read a lot of the Eastern tradition and have listened to many lectures and podcasts on the major realms of Eastern thought. In HOP, I find such a thorough analysis of the Western school tremendously interesting and intellectually engaging. There are numerous podcasts, open courseware offerings and audio books on all aspects of philosophy. Frankly, I think HOP is superior to most of these. HOP is excellent as it is. I am a scientist so I am being educated when I listen to HOP. I continue to read extensively outside of my discipline and have consumed many volumes of original philosophical texts and the secondary literature. A hobby of mine. I am grateful for Peter Adamson's excellent effort and look forward to his steady progression through this amazing corpus of philosophy. Bravo to HOP just as it is and wherever Peter Adamson decides to take us in the future.

Tom Roche on 25 November 2013

Quiz 1/the 100th Episode Quiz

Almost forgot to ask my original question: are the answers to Quiz 1/the 100th Episode Quiz available? Somehow I completely missed that: I'm on the RSS feed (no iTunes for me, I'm on linux), so I usually access the website only to right-click the MP3 link.

Gordon Tsang on 22 November 2013

Regarding the current absurd title of this podcast

Dear Professor Adamson

By all respect, and not to be sounding hostile or rude, I find it extremely peculiar and somewhat irritating when you are still issisting calling your podcast "Philosophy Without Gap", whether or not Chinese or Indian philosophy are going to be included.

As I have already said ,if you claims to be doing "History of Philosophy With No Gaps" while excluding Chinese and Indian philosophy, logically it is same as suggesting these philosophies (who happen to not follow the tradition of the "Greek") are not philosophy.

This is quite a "multicultural" point of view I must admit, and if that is really what this website genuinely believe, then I can only wish you can be more explicit about it. Of course my stance remains the same, either find some Chinese and Indian philosophy specialist to do the podcast for the website, (hello, SOAS is right next door to the Senate House Library?), or just remove the "With No Gaps" from the title.

Of course as I said I am not trying to stir up any issues, or I am particularly offended (anymore then what an English might feel if he/she find the entry "English" missing from Wikipedia's "List of human language"). I am simply demonstrating the meaning and attitude that one can logically deduce regarding this podcast, by reading its title and a set of post by yours. What I am not assuring is you genuinely have this attitude. Yet I believe it is always better for this podcast's sake to at least give a impression of it being "open-minded", especially if this is the attitude that philosophy is "supposed" to have. Otherwise this podcast will only be seen as one of many example of academic hypocrisy.

In reply to by Gordon Tsang

Peter Adamson on 24 November 2013

Indian and Chinese

HI Gordon,

Right, I agree and my plan is to include them - I have some plans on this but don't want to announce anything until I am sure about how it will work. Basically my approach is the one you suggest, namely to get help from some qualified expert(s). Albeit that SOAS is not "next door" to me, because I'm in Munich now.

Incidentally the point of "without any gaps" would not be lost even if I didn't cover Indian and Chinese; the idea of that slogan is not "let's look at all philosophy that has ever existed anywhere at any time" but "let's look at the philosophy I am covering without jumping from major figure to major figure." In other words the slogan refers to the goal of telling a continuous story, not the goal of telling a comprehensive story (as I explained in the first episode). The problem to my mind would be more the title "History of Philosophy" than the gaps slogan, since that title does suggest comprehensiveness. You're right that if in the end I didn't cover Indian and Chinese it would be better to call it "History of Western Philosophy," though as I've said before I don't like that expression.

Anyway this is all rather beside the point since my plan is indeed to include these other traditions. Incidentally one might also think of doing African philosophy, and maybe there are some other traditions that need to be considered too before one has really done the _whole_ history of philosophy.

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Tom Roche on 25 November 2013

audio SEP

Thanks to Gordon Tsang for asking a question I've been meaning to ask for awhile. When I first started listening, I thought "without any gaps" was a reference to "god in the gaps," but obviously there has been much theology on the show since then.

Peter Adamson on Sun, 11/24/2013 - 11:34: "my plan is indeed to include these other traditions."

Unless you expect to hop on Kurzweil's singularity, I recommend you open this project to collaborators who specialize in those other traditions. (And, for that matter, to folks working in your own domains--which, I might add, are astonishingly broad--if only to avoid "truck factor of one," as the coders say.) Become more like an audio SEP: continue to generate content in your areas of expertise, and edit/curate content outside.

In reply to by Tom Roche

Josh Lee on 25 November 2013

I think we should all be

I think we should all be extremely grateful and impressed if Professor Adamson manages a history of Western philosophy without any gaps. I strongly disagree that Professor Adamson needs to start working more as an editor than an author. Part of what is fun about this podcast is the particular style that Professor Adamson brings to it. I guarantee you that the average philosophy professor isn't going to spend the time necessary to bring the hooks and entertainment value that Professor Adamson does. When I want the SEP, rather than a fun listen, I can read the SEP.

In reply to by Josh Lee

Josh Lee on 25 November 2013

No Audio SEP

Sorry but I think saying this is an audio SEP seriously undervalues the particular voice that Professor Adamson brings to this. If you want an audio SEP, I highly recommend this app, which I do use to listen to the SEP when I'm in a heavy-work mood: http://www.voicedream.com

In reply to by Josh Lee

Gordon Tsang on 25 November 2013

History of philosophy

First of all I must applause such friendly and helpful response from Professor Adamson. Looking back I do find my original comment a bit too hostile hence I will like to apologise.

At the same time I welcome the plans of introducing philosophies from different area. I strongly disagree Jose Lee's notion that turning this podcast into a audio-SEP will means it will be "boring", nor I believe by finding more guest speakers to do other culture's philosophy will infer having a more SEP approach

First of all, this podcast has many guest speakers dealing with different issues in Greek and Arabian philosophies, I do not see how that will differ from guest speakers doing oother philsophies. At the same time having a philsophically and historically trained "editor" engaging in a discussion with other philosophers in fields that he does not specialized in, can provide many alternative view point on a old subject. (for example, just look at Robert Wardy's analysis on 17th century effort in translating Aristotlelian logic into Chinese....)

In reply to by Gordon Tsang

Peter Adamson on 25 November 2013

Collaboration

Thanks for the input everyone! The problem about lacking expertise is actually not unique to these other traditions though they are especially daunting. The limits of my present expertise will be reached when I get to the end of Latin medieval. However I agree that the project, if it is to keep going, needs to keep a unified authorship and voice - rather than just switching to nothing but interviews for instance. So basically I am planning to learn a lot. (I may also need to slow down though, like by having new episodes appear once every other week.) Having said that, the model I'm considering for Indian philosophy is indeed to get a collaborator to help me with the relevant parts, who would then be the co-author of the book version. If that works out well I would try to cover Chinese philosophy in the same way later on. But as I say I will announce the plan officially once I am more sure how and when it will launch.

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Tom Roche on 25 November 2013

Peter Adamson on Mon,

Peter Adamson on Mon, 11/25/2013 - 08:46: "basically I am planning to learn a lot."

好運與您的中國學研究 !-)

In reply to by Josh Lee

Tom Roche on 25 November 2013

audio SEP

Josh Lee on Mon, 11/25/2013 - 00:42: "I guarantee you that the average philosophy professor isn't going to spend the time necessary to bring the hooks and entertainment value that Professor Adamson does."

... and I'll bet you $20 right now Professor Adamson presently lacks the chops to do China *and* India *and* Africa *and* [your currently-neglected philosophical homeland here] to the standard to which he's done (and no doubt will continue to do) the Western tradition.

And *another* Jackson says that, barring some serious singularity-style augmentation, Adamson ain't gonna get those chops in the lifespan he can reasonably currently expect. This is one reason why reasonable people collaborate (in addition to the truck-factor consideration): reasonable people understand that collaboration can allow the group to create works greater than the sum of the separate individuals. And (contra Allen) reasonable people hope to become immortal only through their work. (And their students, though I dunno who Adamson is supervising.)

Josh Lee on Mon, 11/25/2013 - 00:42: "When I want the SEP, rather than a fun listen, I can read the SEP."

Hopefully with more care than that you lavished on the comment to which you just responded :-)

In reply to by Tom Roche

Josh Lee on 27 November 2013

We don't disagree about the

We don't disagree about the facts, we disagree about the value/meaning to assign to those facts. I think losing unified authorship would be worse than focusing on Western philosophy. You think leaving out other philosophical traditions would be worse than losing unified authorship. I think of this as Peter Adamson's podcast. You think of it as an audio encyclopedia. We just disagree about these things.

In reply to by Josh Lee

Tom Roche on 29 November 2013

facts

Josh Lee on Wed, 11/27/2013 - 17:08: "We don't disagree about the facts"

Actually, we *do*, since you claim that

"You think of it as an audio encyclopedia."

... which is not only false, but is easily shown to be false:

Tom Roche on Mon, 11/25/2013 - 00:17: "Unless you [i.e., Dr Adamson] expect to hop on Kurzweil's singularity, I recommend you open this project to collaborators who specialize in those other traditions. (And, for that matter, to folks working in your own domains--which, I might add, are astonishingly broad--if only to avoid "truck factor of one," as the coders say.) Become more like an audio SEP: continue to generate content in your areas of expertise, and edit/curate content outside."

Clearly, I referred to the SEP only with regard to division of labor ... but finding that requires reading with care.

Fortunately, this is a skill one can develop in a good intro-to-philosophy class. The downside of philosophy qua career is that competition for jobs is pretty brutal. The upside for consumers is that one can get instruction from quite competent philosophers at pretty much any post-secondary institution (including what are called "community colleges" in the US) pretty much anywhere.

In reply to by Tom Roche

Josh Lee on 29 November 2013

I find you a very amusing

I find you a very amusing character.

Dr. Dan Guerra on 17 November 2013

Your Amazing Project

Dr Adamson,
I want to congratulate you on this excellent series. It is the most comprehensive philosophy podcast I have heard and you do it with great clarity, sophistication and appropriately laced humor.
I really enjoyed the pre-Socratics (my favourite so far!) and the Plato/Aristotle sections were amazing.The Neo-Platonists are some of my all time most sought after thinkers and you did a great service to them as well. The Church Fathers and now your extensive Arabic/Muslim world material is also outstanding!
My only concern is that you will burn out or lose interest/funding for what I expect to be years of intellectual reward. For example, I cant wait until you reach Kant... Seriously, I.K. is such an enormous intellect and unfortunately, even with some great online podcasts and University-based courses involving his work; he is still in such dis-favour among so many people I talk to. I'm a scientist (biochemist) so that may tell you something about the dirth of the "love of wisdom" in my field. I occasionally try to remind my colleagues that we all have a PhD and after all, we should be equally schooled in philosophy and as "doctors" in our chosen disciplines. The best I get from them is eye rolling. Really quite disturbing if it weren't also ironically amusing. Anyway, please keep going...Kant, and later Schopenhauer and Kierkegaard and Brentano and Jaspers and Heidegger and ...well you get the picture.
Bravo History of Philosophy W/O any Gaps!
DJG

In reply to by Dr. Dan Guerra

Peter Adamson on 17 November 2013

Keeping goin

Dear Dr Guerra,

Thanks very much! Running out of funding won't be an issue because to be honest podcasting is pretty cheap. So it's more the time investment that is a long-term challenge but I certainly don't have any plans to stop. Kant will definitely be a big figure to tackle when I get that far (and by the way you may be encouraged to know that among philosophers he's rated in the top handful, so not in disfavor at all).

Cheerio,

Peter

imran abbas on 12 November 2013

pure delight

Dear Peter
I have been following your pod cast for few months now and it has been a pure delight. Philosophy has always been a passion of mine but never had the time to study it properly living a very demanding profession. Your pod cast is fuelling that passion again and on top of that you have just reached my favourite topic in philosophy i-e the ghazali/ ibn Rushd debate! I hope you do spend more time on that and give us more insight on who is right and why. I also wish that you extend the same debate to include st thomas Aquinas.
thanks for all your hard work. It is very much appreciated by many like me.
imran

In reply to by imran abbas

Peter Adamson on 12 November 2013

The Tahafut debate

Hi Imran,

Thanks, glad you are enjoying the podcasts! I will actually mention Aquinas' criticisms of Averroes' views on intellect in episode 151 but mostly you'll have to wait until I get to him, which will take more than a year still I'm afraid. Lots of philosophy from the Islamic world and earlier Latin medieval philosophy to get through first...

Thanks for listening,

Peter

David Jones on 6 November 2013

Problem with podcast metadata in IOS7

Peter, I've been a keen and appreciative listener from the beginning but I've finally been obliged to start using Apple's dedicated podcast app following an operating system update. There's a problem with the metadata of your podcasts, I think, that's causing an issue for me and perhaps for anyone else using an iPod Touch or iPhone.

Your podcast episodes, while numbered ok, all recently have a date of the 1st Jan 2001 associated with them. That's preventing the Apple app from downloading the most recent, or sorting downloaded episodes in the correct order.

It'll be a simple thing for whoever produces the files to check and change in the future (ID3 tags are the problem I believe) and it'll make life much easier for me. And everyone else of course.

Thanks.

In reply to by David Jones

Peter Adamson on 7 November 2013

Metadata

Hi there,

Yes, I'm aware of this problem and have actually just been in touch with Apple about it. It seems to be a problem specific to the platforms you mention - even normal iTunes recognizes the date assigned to each file on the RSS feed and orders them correctly. The point about the ID3 tags is interesting, I will look into that and see if there is something I can change about the file that is set automatically to Jan 1, 2001. (By the way Apple's advice was not useful -- they just said to fix the date in the RSS feed, which of course is not correct. I guess they don't know how their own apps work. So if anyone else has a tip that would be great.)

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Pete Bataleck on 12 November 2013

ID3 tags

Peter,

Your podcasts have ID3 tags version 2.2 which has these tags (quoting from the spec):

TYE - The 'Year' frame is a numeric string with a year of the recording.
This frames is always four characters long (until the year 10000).

TDA - The 'Date' frame is a numeric string in the DDMM format containing
the date for the recording. This field is always four characters long.

TIM - The 'Time' frame is a numeric string in the HHMM format containing
the time for the recording. This field is always four characters long.

TRD - The 'Recording dates' frame is a intended to be used as complement to
the "TYE", "TDA" and "TIM" frames. E.g. "4th-7th June, 12th June" in
combination with the "TYE" frame.

None of these has ever been set in your podcasts.

A date of the 1st Jan 2001 is basically a zero - most systems store dates as seconds from 1st Jan 1970 but Apple uses 2001 as the base in some places. (iTunes first appeared in Jan 2001.)

It may be that setting one or more of these tags works around what looks like a bug in the podcast app - I have no idea but I doubt it.

Incidentally the same problem is reported but not resolved here: https://discussions.apple.com/message/22497902

In reply to by Pete Bataleck

Peter Adamson on 12 November 2013

ID3 tags

Thanks, that's super-helpful! Can you recommend some software that would allow me to see and modify these tags? I know that iTunes can't do it, and I downloaded something called EasyTag which didn't seem to have the ability to change these on the files. Or is there an easier way?

Thanks,

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Pete Bataleck on 12 November 2013

ID3 tags

Peter,

What platform are you using, Linux,Windows or Mac ? If the answer is Linux, then eyeD3 or id3v2 will work; for the other OSes I'll check.

Pete

In reply to by Pete Bataleck

Peter Adamson on 12 November 2013

ID3

Mac I'm afraid - makes many things easier, but some things harder. Thanks again for the help!

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Pete Bataleck on 13 November 2013

editing tags

I did a bit of digging around.

Tagr seems quite popular : http://www.entwicklungsfreu.de/tagr.html - it's Mac only, which may be a good thing, but does mean that I can't run it.

kid3 from http://kid3.sourceforge.net/ runs everywhere. I tried it on Linux and it sets some ID3 tags, but not version 2.2 (it converts to automatically to v2.3).

I can't find anything that will set ID3 v2.2 tags. This may not be a problem. I checked some other podcasts:

History of the Crusades uses ID3 v2.3 and has the year set to 2013
History of Byzantium uses v2.3 and does not have the year set
Revolutions uses v2.2 and has the year set to 2013

Assuming these podcasts work OK with iTunes, this suggests that using v2.3 tags is fine and you can ignore my earlier comments about v2.2 tag fields.

You could try editing a podcast with one of the above apps, set the year and save it. That will convert the tags.

Will this fix the problem? No idea. (One scenario where it would: prior to iOS7, using v2.2 tags without a year would default to current date,with iOS7 no year would be zero i.e. 1st Jan 2001.)

In reply to by Pete Bataleck

Peter Adamson on 13 November 2013

Tags

Thanks, very kind of you to help with this! I downloaded both Tagr and Kid3, and in both cases used them to look at the most recent podcast. Both showed that the file was _already_ tagged as year 2013 (I got the same result with EasyTag). I also checked a much older episode and it was also tagged with the right year (2010). But you said you looked at one of the files and saw that the year was not set, didn't you? So that's rather odd.

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Pete Bataleck on 13 November 2013

tags

Baffling.

I just downloaded (from the website, not iTunes) episode 149 and ran kid3.

It showed tags version 2.2, with the date blank.

I've been assuming that it's the same file on the website and on iTunes; if that's not true then I've been wasting your time :-(

Not sure what to suggest now.

Andrej on 3 November 2013

Thanks!

Prof. Adamson, thank you for your podcasts. They are absolutely amazing. I've been listening to them for quite some time now, some of the podcasts more than once. Can I also ask you if you could provide me with some notes (or at least outlines?) that you have already made? Often, I'd like to take notes while listening to the mp3s and it takes me then more time as I sometimes have to pause or rewind the lecture. It would really help me in terms of time, and also I guess occasionally in terms of accuracy of names, terms, dates, etc. Any help? Please, keep up the great work!

In reply to by Andrej

Peter Adamson on 3 November 2013

Notes

Well, I only have the scripts which will be appearing as books in due course. So if you wait for those they will be much better than njust an outline or notes. For dates and names you can check out the "timeline" pages here on this website - there are separate ones for classical antiquity, late antiquity, and now Islamic world. This is a complete list of every thinker I mention in the podcasts, with links to the relevant episodes.

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Andrej on 3 November 2013

Thanks for your quick reply!

Thanks for your quick reply! I'm not sure if I can't wait; I have to listen to your podcasts nevertheless :) I'm glad your going to publish out your stuff. So, do you first write your scripts and then read them? I'm also planning to do some podcasts related to religion so I'm wondering which approach you personally find the best

Karl on 3 October 2013

History of Philosophy philosophy

Hello. I am a huge fan! Congratulations on such a sound work in the quite modern medium of podcasting.
Do I gather rightly that you have purposefully avoided making forward comparisons of historical philosophers with modern thinkers and notions, something others in your shoes might try, if only to make their insights more relevant to a modern, let alone postmodern, audience? If so, does that itself indicate something about your own philosophy on how we should understand either or both, history and philosophy? Would you comment on your reasoning about this careful separation of concerns, as I make it, between your modern diction and medium, your methodological explanations (how do we know this is what they said?), your explanation of their influences and work, without often indicating their modern impact, potential or real, beyond your choice of what to cover? Well, that question got over-blown quickly. I'll try again: Is there a philosophy of history behind your history of philosophy?

In reply to by Karl

Peter Adamson on 3 October 2013

Modern allusions

Hi there -- yes, that's a very perceptive comment and question. You're right, I tend to be wary of cross-historical and -cultural comparisons. I think one needs to be careful not to impose anachronistic concepts on historical figures and texts. So, in general I do have a tendency to avoid allusions to modern-day philosophy, though I do think it can be valuable if done with great care. (But that would often mean more precision and caveats than I can afford in a podcast script.) I'm reasonably sympathetic to the use of modern contrasts and terminology, like "determinism" or "modality," just because it can make it easier to clarify what is going on in the historical texts, but even here one needs to be careful. Much less interesting, to my mind, is discovering that such and such an idea/argument/theory that is bandied about nowadays already existed in, say, Plato. Isn't it even more exciting and philosophically useful that he gives arguments and has ideas that don't get put forward nowadays?

So I guess if I have a philosophy of history of philosophy it is: start by trying to understand historical texts on their own terms, using as detailed as possible an understanding of the context in which they were written. Only then is it  safe to do some comparing with what is going on in philosophy nowadays. (Always without underestimating the difficulty of the first task.)

Glad you are enjoying the series by the way!

Peter

N M on 28 September 2013

Short pauses during the podcast?

Hi Peter, I've been following this series since over a year but still in the 50s episodes because of my time constraint. I want to thank you for the wonderfully informative content and not to forget some very witty vignettes in each episode.

Perhaps a suggestion would be to pause a little during the podcast so that we have the time to let the ideas sink in. And also some of the episodes (at least the earlier ones) with guest speakers have poor audio quality - maybe these are recorded differently? That's it, thank you once again, keep going!

In reply to by N M

Peter Adamson on 28 September 2013

Pauses and audio quality

Hi there - yes, you're right some early interviews are not so great in terms of the audio quality, usually it was because of background noise. I've been more careful about that subsequently though, so you should notice an improvement as you go along (some later ones were recorded over Skype which is not quite as good quality, but still ok I think). 

I think the problem with pausing is that for every person who is grateful for a pause at a given place, some other listener would be annoyed and want me to press on. Plus I am not keen to increase the overall length of episodes. Of course you can just pause it yourself while listening, too, or rewind (if you can "rewind" a podcast?).

Thanks,

Peter

Dave Enright on 28 September 2013

Thank you!

Hi Peter,

I'm on podcast 61 and looking forward each day to continue on. This has been so very helpful and I can not thank you enough for your work!!

Very Best and Thank you so much,
Dave

In reply to by Dave Enright

Peter Adamson on 28 September 2013

You're welcome

Great, I'm glad you are enjoying it! Please spread the word if you know anyone else who might be interested.

petrus on 26 September 2013

torrents for distributing archives of the podcast

Hey you should look into making torrent files of the zip archives of the podcasts it would be a great means of distributing the podcast while lessening the load on your servers.

Josh Lee on 24 September 2013

Appreciation

Thank you so much for providing this superb educational experience.

Josh
Little Rock, AR, USA

Glasses are cool! on 4 September 2013

Aquinas and Avicenna

Dear Peter,

It seems that Avicenna and Aquinas are one in identifying God with His existence and in holding that the essences of contingent things are neutral as to existence. Avicenna puts this in a way that Aquinas as well as Averroes would not, and the latter apparently criticized Avicenna on this point, as did Banez in the 16th century. That aside, what Avicenna means by saying that existence is accidental to these essences, so it seems to me, is only that existence is external to essence in contingent things and with this Aquinas would certainly agree. Yet it remains to ask whether Aquinas and Avicenna meant the same thing by existence and identifying God with His existence. Can you say anything about this?

In reply to by Glasses are cool!

Peter Adamson on 11 September 2013

God as existence

Hi, thanks for the comment. Can you tell me more about Banez?

A short answer to your question is that I am devoting an episode to the question a bit later, or rather to the various interpretations of the e/e distinction in the later Eastern tradition. That episode will be a while in coming though since I have to do all of Andalusian philosophy first! My feeling is that "accidental to" here should not be taken to imply too strict an analogy with the accident-substance relation as we know and love it from Aristotle. Rather it just means that as such (considered in itself, or however you want to put this) a contingent essence neither has nor lacks existence. So probably you are agreeing with me on this.

The question of God is of course trickier, and though this is controversial I think that Avicenna and Aquinas are not saying the same thing. Avicenna, I believe, simply wants to say that God's essence guarantees His existence. Whereas Aquinas wants to say something stronger which is that God's essence is the same as the essence of (unqualified) being -- He is being itself. So here we have a move that is both Aristotelian -- since this makes God pure actuality -- and Neoplatonic, since it makes God something like a paradigm cause of being for other things. Avicenna comes close to saying such things e.g. he associates unqualified actuality with God (that's how he gets to the idea that God is good, much as Aquinas does). Still I don't think he would go as far as Thomas in this direction. Of course this too is something I'll cover in Aquinas when I get to him.

Cheerio,

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Davlat on 14 September 2013

e/e in God

hi Prof. Adamson,

you wrote: "[...] Avicenna, I believe, simply wants to say that God's essence guarantees His existence. Whereas Aquinas wants to say something stronger which is that God's essence is the same as the essence of (unqualified) being -- He is being itself."

i'd strongly disagree with this. it seems to me to be very close, if not identical, to Fakhr al-Din's (i believe false) stance on Avicenna distinction as it applies to God. But Avicenna i believe would reject it for this reason, namely, it compromises God's simplicity. that is, if the word "guarantee" (in the concept 'guarantees His existence') is supposed to deny a strict identity between God's essence and existence, then it follows that God's essence and existence are distinct, just as they are in contingent beings. presumably, on your view, the only difference between the two cases will then be supposed to be explained - again, in a way that rules an identity - somehow by the term "guarantee". as such, He would be composed.

In reply to by Davlat

Peter Adamson on 15 September 2013

e/e and simplicity

That's a good objection, yes. Obviously Avicenna wouldn't want to say that God essence somehow causes His existence, since the whole point is that God is uncaused. Rather, I think he wants to say that God's essence immediately entails His existence but without causing it. One way to put this might be to say that God's essence "is" His existence, but I still think one must distinguish between God's essence and existence itself. For one thing, existence itself is subdivided into contingent and necessary existence. Clearly God's essence is not "identical to" contingent existence, at most it is identical to necessary existence. So already here we have a distinction from Aquinas (for whom God is indeed Being Itself). Also we have here the reason that Sufis are misreading Avicenna when they appropriate his ideas, but that's another story that I'll get into later in the series.

More plausible then might be to say that God's essence "is" (or "is identical to") necessary existence; I might go along with that, if it just means the claim that "what it is to be God" is "to exist necessarily" (the way that "what it is to be human" is "to be a rational animal"). I just want to resist the idea that this makes God a paradigmatic cause of being/existence, i.e. that other things exist by "participating" in God, as in Aquinas. All that is a Platonist tendency that to me seems absent from Avicenna (though it appears in some later interpreters).

In reply to by Peter Adamson

davlat on 19 September 2013

e/e and simplicity

hi prof. Adamson,

"Rather, I think he wants to say that God's essence immediately entails His existence but without causing it."

what is the precise nature of this entailment relation though? i don't see how 'entailment' is not a kind of causation, especially as applied to extra-mental reality. for example, are you suggesting that God's essence entails His existence is the same way that, say, the essence of a human being (i.e., rationality) entails risibility? or (to take an instance from mental reality) do you mean to say that His essence entails His existence in the way the premises of a syllogism entail the conclusion? I think Avicenna would reject both; on the first account, God's simplicity would be clearly compromised. with regards to the second, insofar as it entails (no pun intended) 'what which entails' and 'that which is entailed' are distinct, it too compromises Divine simplicity. otherwise, it seems to me that they're just identical.

"[...] but I still think one must distinguish between God's essence and existence itself. For one thing, existence itself is subdivided into contingent and necessary existence. Clearly God's essence is not "identical to" contingent existence, at most it is identical to necessary existence."

i agree with out about the Sufi misreadings. i'm not certain, though, that holding that God's essence and existence are identical would commit one to the Platonist thesis which you mentioned. in any case, that aside, it seems to me there are three problems with the above argument, the first of which entails the second and third. i believe that Avicenna would reject all three. the (1) first problem is that it seem to conceptualize existence as some sort of a genus, of which "contingent existence" and "necessary existence" are species; the (2) second is that from it follows that God is an instance of a species of existence, namely, necessary existence. finally, the (3) third problem is it impugns Divine simplicity, i.e., insofar as (2) entails that God is composed of a genus (existence) and some differentia (necessary existence in itself).

In reply to by davlat

Peter Adamson on 19 September 2013

More on the NE

***

"Rather, I think he wants to say that God's essence immediately entails His existence but without causing it."

what is the precise nature of this entailment relation though?

***

I was afraid you might ask that. How about this: it could be like the relationship between a triangle and three-sidedness. Triangles are necessarily three sided (which is why I prefer it to your risibility example) but the triangle is not the same thing as three-sidedness (also, there are other three-sided things that are not necessarily three-sided). I would say that being a triangle entails being three-sided, but not that being a triangle "causes" three-sidedness. Rather it is just a necessary feature of triangles by virtue of their essence. Similarly God has existence as a necessary feature, and that wouldn't need to imply that He "is existence itself" or that existence is a genus to which God belongs. I agree Avicenna would certainly reject that, but I don't see why you think my view commits him to that? Just because there are also contingent existents? If that's the reason I guess the danger is rather that "existent" (as opposed to existence) is a genus, and that God is a member of this genus. But there are the traditional Aristotelian arguments that "existent" (or "being"/"existence" for that matter) is not a genus so that isn't really a threat, I would suppose.

A relevant passage here is in the Ilahiyyat when he talks about God not being a substance. By the way, did you have a passage in mind where he does say something along the lines of "God is existence" or "God's essence is His existence"?

Avicenna on 1 September 2013

Avicenna and the phoenix

Hi Peter,

I'm trying to track down where some of these passages are in Avicenna, and whether they are translated. One question is where does his phoenix example come up?

Thanks!

In reply to by Avicenna

Peter Adamson on 11 September 2013

Phoenix

He uses it in the "On Interpretation" part of the Shifa' (several times) though interestingly he replaces this with the different example of the heptagonal house in other places; Druart has a paper on this which I have electronically if you need it (just send me an email). Also worth looking at is Black's paper on Fictional Beings in Avicenna.

Sajjad Chowdhry on 31 August 2013

Further Reading

Hello,

Do you have a single page that gives the further reading sources for ALL your episodes?

Thanks,
Sajjad

Terry Duchow on 30 August 2013

Augustine's Epistemology

Hello, I really liked your episode that deals with Augustine's epistemology. In it, you mention that knowledge is characterized by intention. I'm familiar with his "Against Scepticism" but not sure he discusses that there. Is there any chance you could please point out where he discusses this?

This is in the effort to consider how knowledge defined as justified true belief might include intentionality, or not, and possibly bring some closure to it.

Thank you!

In reply to by Terry Duchow

Peter Adamson on 30 August 2013

Knowledge and intention

Hi there,

I was thinking of "On the Trinity," for instance in book 9 - the intentionality is here described as "love". It is a point he deals with extensively in that work since the intentionality gives him the analogue in the thinking case to the Holy Spirit. You might also want to listen to the interview with Charles Brittain.

Glad you enjoyed the episode by the way!

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Terry on 31 August 2013

Knowledge and Intention - Augustine

Hi Peter, I read chapter 9 of On the Trinity it was fantastic. It was exactly what I was looking for. He does speak to love, knowledge and the mind, where knowledge is an object of love, as far as I understand. The mind is able to know itself, love itself and one of the outcomes of this is knowledge. Knowledge itself isn't exactly an object, but part of the life of reason, as I intepret it.

So, we can have knowledge. It's motivation is love, as well as its object.

That might be another way of describing how we can have objectivity within a framework of human cognition that is thought of as subjective.

Thanks for getting back to me so soon, as I'm preparing for a talk, and this we be very helpful!
Terry

Brandon Andrathy on 21 August 2013

A Comment and a Question or Two

I think one of the best parts about your show is not only the historical element but also the fact that even touching on the surface of each of these philosophers' contributions provides a great deal of logical and deductive enlightenment to individuals who are philosophical novices (such as myself). Out of all th philosophers you have talked about so far (I'm up to Augustine which I'm excited about relearning), I find Diogenes the cynic to be truly inspiring and interesting. Do you have any literature or papers to recommend for further research into his legacy...or lack thereof haha. Also, is it worth reading Galin other than just for pure amusement?

In reply to by Brandon Andrathy

Peter Adamson on 21 August 2013

Further reading

Thanks, glad you are enjoying the series! There is actually further reading suggested on each episode page (you've probably been listening through the RSS over iTunes or something but you can listen to them streaming on this website). So for instance there is reading on the Cynics here. I would recommend starting with the Desmond book.

Galen is not always fun, exactly; he is long-winded and very polemical and of course the topic is usually history of medicine. But some of his works are fascinating, for instance "That the Soul Depends on the Body."

Thanks for listening!

Peter

Charline on 13 August 2013

The source of the picture on "The Presocratics " page

I was just curious to know the source of the picture on "The Presocratics" page, and what it does represent (if you do know)

Thank you for the podcast it is really interesting to discover philosophy following it.

Charline

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Charline on 13 August 2013

The presocratics image

Thank you very much for the quick answer!

I was wondering as it reminded me in some ways the Medicine wheel which Aboriginal people in North America uses to teach many things, generally cyclic. And if this is the 4 seasons well, this not so surprising for it to be quite close.As there is the 4 seasons in the medicine wheel too. Anyway this is a bit off topic here!

Thanks again!

Jake D. Parsons on 12 August 2013

Downloading podcasts

Could a zipped (or tared and gziped) file be provided of every period? The Presocratics and Socrates and Plato for example would be each a file. Much easier to download the series. I was keeping up and then lost my archive.

In reply to by Jake D. Parsons

Peter Adamson on 12 August 2013

Zipped

Hi there,

This is already available, just go to any episode and in the right margin you'll see an icon to download that whole series (e.g. Late Antiquity) as a .zip file.

Cheerio,

Peter

Gerald FLYNN on 11 August 2013

Gerry's dog - not Rousseau's dog - gets walked a lot more.......

Peter,
You might be in the running for an Irish animal welfare award....I have downloaded all your podcasts on my iPod. Twice a day I bring my beagle (Pippin) for a 45-minute walk so that I can take in two episodes each walk.

I did four years' single honors philosophy at Trinity Dublin but you really expand on that and I am looking forward to the neoPlatonists and the early Christian adaption of Greek thought.
Kings College should be very proud of your contribution to global education and critical thinking.
I hope you and your family enjoy a well-deserved holiday (vacation).
Thanks again,
Gerry FLYNN --Dublin ireland

Brandon Andrathy on 3 August 2013

Just an avid listener bestowing my thanks unto you

Good Afternoon Peter,

I just wanted to say that I love listening to your podcast. You are very eloquent and the subject matter discussed is very intriguing. Thank you for rekindling my interest in philosophy after ten years of dormancy when I took intro to philosophy my freshman year of college. I'm only up to episode 25 but I hope to see you continue releasing new episodes!

-Brandon

JKE on 1 August 2013

The Metaphysics

So I'm thinking about diving back in to Aristotle's Metaphysics, a book I haven't looked seriously at in a few years. That said, I'm far from an expert on the subject, and as everyone knows it's a pretty daunting text. Can anybody recommend a good translation and commentary or something along those lines? (Other than Aquinas', which is a little lengthy for my purposes.)

In reply to by JKE

Peter Adamson on 1 August 2013

On Aristotle's Metaphysics

By my old teacher at Notre Dame, Mike Loux, there is "Primary Ousia." For the important Book Z, try M. Burnyeat, "A Map of Metaphyiscs Zeta." An affordable general introduction would be V Politis, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Aristotle and the Metaphysics and the bibliography at the end is useful.

PeterW on 30 July 2013

Great!

Awesome podcast dude! Other books I've read treat the ideas in isolation, which makes it difficult to understand the historical context. Your podcast OTOH pieces ideas into a smooth(ish) ramp. The cheesy jokes and puns are a nice touch too. Anyway during the last 2 months I've been listening almost non-stop, beginning with the first episode. It's been fun. Now I'm with the current episode. Look forward to following things at a more sedate pace! Thanks!

In reply to by PeterW

Peter Adamson on 30 July 2013

Catching up

Wow, that's some pretty fast catching up! Thanks for going through all of it, I'm glad you've been enjoying it.

And great first name by the way.

(The other) Peter

Liam Smith on 30 July 2013

This site is unbelievably

This site is unbelievably good. I'm doing an undergraduate subject right now about Plato, Descartes, Hume and Kant and this has been amazing so far. Its great to get a general idea about some of the ideas that were floating around in the field. You're amazing, wowzers.

In reply to by Liam Smith

Peter Adamson on 30 July 2013

Thanks

Gosh, thanks! Sorry that it will take me a while to get to D H and K.

TARDIS on 30 July 2013

Floating Man

Please go greatly in-depth on the floating man argument of Ibn Sina. I know a lot of people who aren't convinced by this, which troubles me!

In reply to by TARDIS

Peter Adamson on 30 July 2013

Floating/flying man

Don't worry, there is an upcoming episode where I talk about it in detail, number 141 I think.

In reply to by TARDIS

Rhys W. Roark on 1 August 2013

Avicenna's Floating / Flying Man

Dear TARDIS,

I don't wish to steal his thunder here, but Peter has given a somewhat briefer account of this on the program Philosophy Bites (about 14 minutes):

If you are not familiar with it, you may find here:

http://philosophybites.com/2012/11/peter-adamson-on-avicennas-flying-ma…

Very good and thought provoking--all the more as I'm a sucker for these kinds of transcendental subjectivity discourses.

But as with you, I am looking forward to Prof. Adamson's more forthcoming detailed treatment of this subject(ivity?).

Rhys W. Roark (1st name: 'rise')
OKC, OK

Gustavo Ricardo on 29 July 2013

Questions about the Timeline

Peter,

I have just recently found out about your podcast, and I'm really interessted in watching them and slowly catching up (even though it could take a couple of years) But I do have one question before I start the journey.
I've noticed the website states that you are a Professor of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy at King's College; and presently your are on the Islamic Timelime around the year 1111.
When I saw that you are a professor of Ancient and Medieval philosophy I wondered: will you continue chronologically into Modern and Post-Modern philosophy also? Will you be concluding the historical journey in the present? Or will you cover only Ancient and Medieval?

In reply to by Gustavo Ricardo

Peter Adamson on 29 July 2013

The future

At the moment my plan is to keep going indefinitely. But medieval including Byzantium will probably take me into 2015 so I still have time to decide. You're right that it would be further out of my comfort zone but in A way that makes it more appealing!

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Gustavo Ricardo on 30 July 2013

OK! That's great to know!

OK! That's great to know! Hope you decide to take that challenge and continue on :)

I'll be doing my catching up, hope I can do it. Thank you for the prompt reply Peter, and congratulations on such a great job by what I've noticed so far.

Gustavo

In reply to by Gustavo Ricardo

Josh Lee on 24 September 2013

Keep it going!

I'm also interested in following you all the way up to the present!

Rhys W. Roark on 28 July 2013

RE: By the Time I Get to Phoenix

Peter,

Great show! Looking forward very much to the next one as I’m very intrigued about these various essence vs. existence debates, esp. as it has to with (any) Absolute Realities . . . .

Question: In referencing the squared circle whose essence precludes its existence owing to its complete impossibility, what is then the actual status of this “essence” here? To posit an “essence” whose very nature precludes absolutely its non-existence, sounds, at least in how we have to make use of language, like how we would describe unrealized contingent existences, like your aforementioned sister, if but taken more absolutely: There’s an essence out there which not only it so happens not to exist, it cannot in anyway exist.

The term was used frequently, but my guess, Avicenna and other Medievals are using the term “essence” here more as a purely “logical” or “semantic” modality since, unlike Anselm’s God, it remains just a conceptual thought without the literal corresponding, also aforementioned, “out there” counterpart.

But is there anything else I’m might be missing in this understanding?—can it be something more than just a mental concept even though lacking actual or substantive existence?

I seem to having a Parmenidean moment—and in fact, I was researching Parmenides and the Platonic dialogue named for him just yesterday in understanding how this might inform various kinds of negative theologizing (and talk about the paradoxical Parmenidean language use here) such as Plotinus or Dionysius’s path of negation vs. Aquinas’ path of eminence.

And, if it be—essentially—your want (forgive me), if you want to recommend any good texts on the Greek, Arabic and Christian history of the intersection of essence, existence and apophatic (and even kataphatic) theology, that would be great. I assume these concerns, will, at some point, in essence, be actualized in further episodes.

Thanks!

Rhys
OKC, OK

In reply to by Rhys W. Roark

Peter Adamson on 28 July 2013

Essences

You're putting your finger on a very difficult question. As you'll see in a later episode the question you're asking became a big issue of controversy in later Islamic thought, I mean, how we should think about these essences if they are distinct from existence. (Do they have some other kind of "existence" like as abstract entities? Are they mental constructs? Or ideas in God's mind?) I think it is not easy to say what Avicenna's own view on this was, especially since, as I mentioned in this episode, in fact he thinks that all essences do receive existence. So he doesn't need to get into the question of what to say about an essence that has no existence.

As far as Avicenna goes I would start with the secondary literature recommended for this episode. There has also been some discussion of the distinction as it might bear on Plotinus e.g. in Lloyd Gerson's book "Plotinus." I've actually been writing a piece about this but it is still a work in progress!

Cliff on 27 July 2013

Thanks

I just wanted to say how much I am enjoying the podcasts. I always thought that philosophy would be "too hard" - but now I know it's all about giraffes and film stars.
Cheers.

In reply to by Cliff

Peter Adamson on 27 July 2013

Giraffes and film stars

But only silent film. Once they invented sound it stopped being philosophical.

But seriously, thanks very much! Glad you are enjoying the series.

In reply to by Cliff

Don on 11 August 2013

Philosophy

It is about anything that turns your crank, floats your boat, or generally stimulates you to become a better person and to recognize your current excellence. Some people even do it with mathematics. Others just smile or meditate.

Ollie Killingback on 25 July 2013

Arabic period

I enjoyed pushing back the boundaries of my ignorance with the Ancients, and warmed to the Christian Fathers of whom I knew something from theological studies. But I've struggled with the Arabic period. Partly I guess it is to do with the strange names which just don't stick. Some of the thinking does, but what goes with whom I find hard to resolve or retain. There is only really any clarity with Saadia Gaon. I wonder if that's to do with his being Jewish and my acquaintance with Jewish thought. Or is his name Hebrew and does it therefore sound less strange to me than Arabic? I don't know.

Much the most difficult podcast to engage with was 136. Maybe that had something to do with Farhad Daftary's speaking voice - I guess English is not his first language. Maybe it was to do with the content. There seem to have been almost innumerable splits among the Ismailis, all of them political, i.e. to do with matters of succession. I didn't get any sense of different ideas, and while the political history is important, it's the ideas I am most interested in. For example most of the Christian splits have a political element in their motivation, but there are distinct theological differences too. I didn't get that from Dr Daftary. I'm still not clear how, if at all, Ismaili belief differs from other Shia. Perhaps the ideas are less important in Islam than loyalty to a particular line of succession.

One thing that has come across with great clarity is how inadequate the coverage of Islam was in the Comparative Religion course I took in the 1970s. I guess the time limit had something to do with it.

I have been looking forward to Avicenna - the first name on the list that already meant something to me. I'm glad there are going to be more podcasts on his thought. The first podcast whetted my appetite but left me feeling he was not a very nice man. But so what? I don't think Socrates would have been my best friend either.

In reply to by Ollie Killingback

Peter Adamson on 25 July 2013

Arabic period

Yes, I know this material may be a bit more challenging if only because of the avalanche of unfamiliar names. (On the other hand a lot of listeners probably already felt that way about late antiquity.) My hope is to make them more familiar though! The book veresion, which will appear eventually, may be slightly easier since you would then be reading the names over and over and that might help with remembering. But also it may just be that if the material is unfamiliar it blurs together a bit no matter what you do; bear in mind though this is inevitably a kind of introductory taster to each thinker; if what comes through in the end is a sense of broad themes and periods in the tradition I would be happy with that!

And by the way Saadia's name is Arabic but "Gaon" is a title, not part of his name. It's interesting that he seemed to stick better with you than, say, al-Kindi who actually has many of the same philosophical views (as I mentioned in the podcast that connection needs to be explored better than it has).

Cody Sitton on 24 July 2013

Volume One

When is the projected date for the release of Volume 1 of the book series? I apologize if you have already answered this question more than once; I've listened to every episode but have failed to follow the blog :(

In reply to by Cody Sitton

Peter Adamson on 24 July 2013

Date of vol.1

Actually I think I haven't said because I only just found out; it depends a bit on how quick I am with some last revisions now (which include adding a chapter on women and ancient philosophy), but in theory they hope to publish it May 2014. Then I hope that subsequent volumes will appear about once each year.

Serkalem Degefu on 4 July 2013

Can I get a reference site on woman in philosophy

Hi Peter,

Am a big fan of your podcast and Philosophy. I appreciate the effort you have put to prepare all this. I live in Ethiopia. I feel very blessed to get resourceful site such as yours. Actually I have commented on your article "Woman in Philosophy" unfortunately I couldn't get your response so I switched over here. I have planned to prepare a book about a woman philosophers using our local language but am in shortage of reference material. If you ever know any site to refer or if you have done further about that article will you please suggest me.

Serkalem

In reply to by Serkalem Degefu

Peter Adamson on 4 July 2013

Women in philosophy

Yes, I'm actually at work on a chapter for the book version about women in ancient philosophy. Here's a list of references I have assembled with a useful website at the end; note that this is mostly about the ancient world though, since that is what I am doing at the moment. And maybe others could add references for medieval and modern, that would be helpful to me too later!

Annas, Julia, "Plato's Republic and Feminism," Philosophy, 51 (1976), 309.

Archer, L. S. Fischler and M. Wyke, eds. 1994. Women in Ancient Socieities (London: Routledge)

Calvert, Brian, "Plato and the Equality of Women," Phoenix, 29, 3 (1975)

Fortenbaugh, W. W., "On Plato's Feminism in ‘Republic V,’" Apeiron, IX, 2 (1975)

Fortenbaugh, W. W., "Aristotle on Slaves and Women," in Articles on Aristotle: 2, Ethics and Politics, J. Barnes, J. Schofield, and R. Sorabji, eds. (London: Duckworth, 1977)

Freeland, "Feminism and Ideology in Ancient Philosophy" in Apeiron Vol. XXXIII, no. 4. December 2000

id ed, Feminist Interpretations of Aristotle, Cynthia A. Freeland, ed. (University Park: Pennsylvania University Press, 1998)

Lesser, Harry, "Plato's Feminism," Philosophy 54 (1979), 113-117.

Levin, Susan B., 2000. “Plato's On Women's Nature: Reflections on the Laws” in Ancient Philosophy 20/1 (Spring). 81-97

Lovibond, Sabina, "An Ancient Theory of Gender: Plato and the Pythagorean Table," in Women in Ancient Societies, Archer, Fischler, and Wyke, eds. (London: Routledge), 88-101.

Pomeroy, Sarah, "Feminism in Book V of Plato's ‘Republic,’" Apeiron, VIII, 1 (1974)

Sakezles, Priscilla K., "Feminism and Aristotle," Apeiron 32, 1 (1999), 67-74.

Tuana, Nancy, 1992. Woman and the History of Philosophy (New York, Paragon Press).

Ward, Julie K., 1996. Feminism and Ancient Philosophy (New York and London: Routledge)

Warnock, Mary ed. 1996. Women Philosophers (London J.M. Dent).

http://www.women-philosophers.com

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Serkalem Degefu on 5 July 2013

appreciated

I found it very helpful thank you Peter.

Steve Barsky on 2 July 2013

Strange links

So browsing the site, I saw references to a possible book version of Hopwag. I went to Amazon and searched "Peter Adamson." No luck. But I saw a sponsored ad: Philosophy at Sephora®
Hmmm... I must be on the right trail!
Alas... http://www.sephora.com/philosophy

But I'm still enjoying the podcast. Cheers for all your work.

Steve

In reply to by Steve Barsky

Peter Adamson on 2 July 2013

Making up

The book is actually with the publisher now, but won't be out for some months yet. I can't promise however that it will restore that youthful sheen to your skin, or bring out your eye color.

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Steve Barsky on 2 July 2013

Hopwag - the book

All I ask is that it makes me virtuous, whatever that is.

shahid Tarer on 2 July 2013

Podcasts

Hi Peter,

Just wanted to thank you for the brilliant podcasts (particularly like the style of questioning!) . They've been a priceless discovery. I had an interest in philosophy for many years but didn't read or learn enough on the subject. These podcasts have reignited my interest and will be supplementing my future reading!

Finally all credit to the Leverhulme trust and King's college for spreading knowledge in this way.

Thanks again for a great resource.

In reply to by shahid Tarer

Peter Adamson on 2 July 2013

Thanks

Thanks very much! I appreciate the positive feedback.

Joe J on 29 June 2013

Heraclitus

Dear Peter, thanks for the great podcasts. I am a newcomer and have only managed to get up to Aristotle so far. I was also pleased to hear you talking on Heraclitus on an old episode of 'In our time'. One thing I felt was missing from that programme was a discussion of the similarities between Heraclitus's Logos and the Dao of Lao-Tzu. I was wondering if you had any thoughts on this, and if you have considered doing any tangential one-off podcasts that explore similarities between east and west? I appreciate that this is somewhat outside of the scope of this podcast, and that you must be busy enough already, but it could be interesting. Thanks again for the podcasts!

In reply to by Joe J

Peter Adamson on 30 June 2013

Chinese parallels

Hi there,

I am actually pretty skeptical about this kind of cross-cultural comparison. Pretty much whenever I see it done it is rather superficial, so when I cover Indian and/or Chinese philosophy (and I hope I will) I will probably try to avoid highlighting possible parallels, or at least I won't put much emphasis on this but will rather look at those traditions in their own right. I know some people like the comparative project because they find the traditions mutually illuminating but as you might have noticed I am very into the idea of properly understanding each author, or even philosophical work, in historical context.To some extent a matter of taste maybe, but that's my own approach. For the same reason you might have noticed I've been relatively sparing with allusions to later periods of philosophy including contemporary thought, and when I mention it it is usually to dispel the notion that there is an exact parallel!

Thanks for listening,

Peter

 

hoe on 28 June 2013

timeline

I've started listening two days ago and got hooked. I would love to see if there was a general timeline for when you plan on getting to different topics and people in the future.

In reply to by hoe

Peter Adamson on 28 June 2013

Future timeline

Hi there,

Well, I don't have a firm enough plan to put it online but roughly speaking I expect philosophy in the Islamic world to include about 50 episodes. Then a similar number for Latin medieval, maybe somewhat less since it won't cover as big a time period (for Islamic I will go up to the 17th c. at least). And I am not sure how long Byzantine will take but perhaps 10 episodes or so. After that I am not sure, it depends on whether I turn to Indian philosophy before plunging ahead with the Renaissance.

Often on the Facebook group I post lists of forthcoming episodes by the way, I can do that on the blog too on this site.

Thanks,

Peter

Jerry Webb on 17 June 2013

Two Questions on Philosophers

I cannot remember which philosopher (pre-Socratic?) said that bread and cheese contain flesh and bone since they are used to produce the materials of our bodies. Can you tell me who said this?

Also, which first or second century AD philosopher said that instead of asking God for a woman/wife, ask God to remove your desire for a woman/wife?

Thank you.

In reply to by Jerry Webb

Peter Adamson on 18 June 2013

Bread, cheese, wives

The first is Anaxagoras, with his theory of universal mixture, and the second could probably be any Roman Stoic, but it is Marcus Aurelius who I quoted to this effect.

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Jerry on 18 June 2013

Thank you very much. I

Thank you very much.
I thought that is who they were and needed confirmation.

Muhammad Shehr… on 14 June 2013

Forms in Plato's dialogues

Really enjoying the podcasts, and I was a computer science, mathematical student in university, and I really wish I had learned more about philosophy or had time to take such courses. Now, these podcasts give me the opportunity.

I was listening to how Parmenides (?) explained the world through Forms, and properties, and seeing if properties can have properties etc.

This is remarkably similar to what we do with computers. I happen to work on various database models and construct structures for simulations etc. We work with earth models, and use these concepts. Except we use "models" which I think is what was meant by "forms". Each model then has its properties.

Once our models are logically complete, they are simple definitions, but when we implement them, they are instantiations. Each instance then has its properties. Not sure about properties about properties, since a property has a "measure" associated with it. so if it is a length or age, then it is value or a measure, i am not sure about properties having properties.

The same way Greeks were thinking of "forms" to understand the world, we construct models to represent our world. Then we implement them, and constantly fine tune them. This is especially true when we deal with earth models, or mathematical models that deal with uncertainties.

Love the podcasts. They help us think and get a grip on the work we are doing today.

Science and art intersect far more often than most people realize, and can really help each other.

In reply to by Muhammad Shehr…

Peter Adamson on 15 June 2013

Forms as properties

Hi there,

Thanks, that's very interesting. So I would say that, although Forms in Plato (by the way it is Socrates in the "Parmenides" who sets out the theory; Parmenides, the character, offers criticisms) are not best understood as properties, some people would interpret them that way. I think your analogy to a model might be more enlightening, since Forms are supposed to be paradigms of some kind - things have properties by imitating Forms, but that doesn't mean that Forms are properties. This perhaps makes it also easier to see why Forms could then have properties, and especially the kind of properties that seem relevant here - for instance the property of largeness is presumably not large, whereas the Form of largeness is large, at least in some sense. There is a lot of discussion about all of this in secondary literature on Plato.

Thanks for listening!

Peter

Diana Hughes on 21 May 2013

Instruction and pleasure

I discovered the podcast in December 2012 and have now nearly caught up with you. I'm very excited at the prospect of embarking on a year of Islamic-period philosophers, about whom I know nothing at all.

I studied philosophy as my minor at University College London in the 1980s but the course - to my surprise - was almost entirely devoted to 20th century texts so I emerged with no knowledge of the history of philosophy at all. I believe this is quite common even for students doing philosophy full-time.

I'm very glad to have found the podcast when it was still feasible to catch up with you as I think that people who follow the whole series will have a much richer experience than those who just dip in here and there, but when it gets to several hundred episodes this may seem too daunting!

I look forward to many years of instruction and pleasure in your company!

In reply to by Diana Hughes

Peter Adamson on 21 May 2013

Thanks

Thanks very much! I'm glad you are enjoying it. I'm also glad to report that UCL definitely does history of philosophy now (though I can't resist adding that they cover it much less than KCL!). Actually the brilliant Fiona Leigh who I interviewed on the Sophist is at UCL. And once upon a time the great Miles Burnyeat was there; they also have a history of ancient philosophy in Classics. More to the point though I'm delighted to be telling you about something you have been wanting to hear, I hope you keep enjoying the podcast!

Peter

Ted Cier on 16 May 2013

Danny Ray Reference Episode

Peter:

I would like to add my voice to the chorus of thank yous. I found your podcasts about 3 months ago; now I'm just 4 episodes away from catching up with your production schedule and having to confront my HOP jones.

Quick question; can you tell me which episode contained the reference to Danny Ray? I want to share it with a JB fan, but couldn't find it.

Thanks, and thanks again for the great work!

In reply to by Ted Cier

Peter Adamson on 16 May 2013

Danny Ray

Thanks very much! It's actually the Porphyry episode, right at the beginning. (I forgot myself where I'd mentioned him so I had to do a search in the scripts for "Danny"!)

Penworth09 on 15 May 2013

Appreciation and Thanks

This podcast is both enlightening and educational, and I must give some time to say my thanks. I have learned a lot, and hopefully this podcast continues for a long time.

steve on 3 May 2013

badass

dude this podcast is badass

Rob Loftis on 23 April 2013

The scientific method in medieval Islamic world.

Hi Peter,

I was wondering when/if you were going to talk about the development of the scientific method in the Islamic world. I was listening to JD Trout on the Such That podcast (http://suchthatcast.com/trout/) and he mentioned that Avicenna and al-Kindi both provide descriptions of the method of concominant variation, well in advance of European thinkers we associate with this idea, like Bacon or Mill.

In reply to by Rob Loftis

Peter Adamson on 24 April 2013

Scientific method

Hi Rob,

Thanks, I didn't even know this podcast existed. Do you recall what passage or text from Kindi was invoked for this idea? I'm skeptical. Anyway I think I will deal with scientific method when I get to Avicenna's epistemology, though how much what I say would resonate with modern philosophy of science I'm not sure. The main issue, I think, is how empirical evidence (perhaps in the form of inductive generalizations) could constitute knowledge in Avicenna's view. Actually I will probably already talk about this in a forthcoming interview with Deborah Black, on both Farabi and Avicenna.

Thanks,

Peter

In reply to by Peter Adamson

Rob Loftis on 24 April 2013

He didn't cite a particular

He didn't cite a particular passage--it was just a comment made in passing, which is what made me what to hear more about it. I do look forward to hearing about Avicenna's epistemology.

Glenn Russell on 22 April 2013

Islamic World and Art

Hi Peter,
Thanks for your podcasts on the philosophy of the Islamic World, which is new to me and probably for many others. Considering how the art is quite striking and unique within the Islamic world, are you planning to do a podcast on Islamic aesthetics?
Glenn

In reply to by Glenn Russell

Peter Adamson on 22 April 2013

Islamic art

Oh, that's an interesting idea. I hadn't thought about that to be honest, since it isn't something that comes up a lot in philosophical texts (at least, not the ones I know). But I was going to do an episode on theories of music in the Islamic world, so that's a gesture in the same direction!

Thanks,

Peter

David Tanner on 17 April 2013

The Last Days of Socrates in Berlin this month

There's a music premiere at the Berlin Philharmonic coming up on April 25th. Composer Brett Dean has written a piece for baritone, choir and orchestra based on the Apology and the Phaedo. There's going to be an online broadcast of the Saturday performance!

I would post a URL but I was blocked earlier; just search for last days socrates brett dean.

Benjamín Martí… on 15 April 2013

Toledo School of Translators

Hi Peter,

First of all, congratulations for your great podcasts. I'm an avid follower of your wonderful on-going series.

I just wonder, now you're dealing with the philosophy in the Islamic World if, at some point, you're planning to talk about the Toledo School of Translators (maybe in the Latin section of the medieval period). I was born in Toledo, Spain. In our school, I remember they placed great importance on its significance and legacy. Maybe they were just biased and overstating it. I'd like to know your opinion about its true role in the medieval period.

Thank you and kind regards,
Benjamín

In reply to by Benjamín Martí…

Peter Adamson on 15 April 2013

Toledo school

Hi there,

Oh yes, I will definitely cover this! In fact if all goes well episode 150 will be another special double interview on the Arabic-Latin translation movement (you heard it here first!). But I would probably need to come back and discuss it again later when I am doing Latin medieval, also.

Thanks very much for listening and for the kind comments!

Peter

Joe Sen on 3 April 2013

What's next on the menu,

What's next on the menu, Peter - Indian philosophy?

In reply to by Joe Sen

Peter Adamson on 3 April 2013

Next up

As I say in the first Islamic world episode it will be Latin medieval, then Byzantine... which should take us up to 2015 or something. I'm hoping to get back to Indian philosophy at some point but kind of dragging my feet because it would be so much work for me (I don't know very much about it).